This study compares how low-frequency sound propagates in indoor and outdoor environments. By examining boundary reflections, air volume limitations, and spatial openness, it explains why bass behavior differs significantly between enclosed rooms and open-air settings, independent of loudspeaker system configuration.

This study examines how environmental conditions influence the propagation of low-frequency sound. By analyzing boundary configuration, air volume, surface material properties, and indoor versus outdoor environments, it explains why perceived bass behavior often depends more on surroundings than on loudspeaker design itself.